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| Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Steffen, Will; ; Will.Steffen@dwe.csiro.au. |
| Global change is the net effect of individual and interactive effects of changes in land use, atmospheric composition, biological diversity, and climate. A synthesis of the past six years' activities of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems project of the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) deals with global change effects as ecosystem responses and living with global change. Ecosystem responses are considered in terms of changes in function and vegetation composition/structure. Field experiments of elevated CO2 effects on aboveground biomass show, on average, a positive effect on biomass, ranging from -20% to +80%. Some early predictions of CO2 effects (C3 vs. C4 plants, N-fixers, C:N in litter) are not generally supported, and it... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biomes; Carbon dioxide; Climate; Dynamics; Ecosystem functioning; Global change; Impacts; Land use; Terrestrial biosphere; Vegetation changes.. |
| Ano: 1997 |
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| Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Carpenter, Stephen R; University of Wisconsin-Madison; srcarpen@wisc.edu; Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Abel, Nick; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; nick.abel@csiro.au; Cumming, Graeme; University of Florida; cummingg@wec.ufl.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Lebel, Louis; Unit for Social and Environmental Research; llebel@loxinfo.co.th; Norberg, Jon; Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; jon.norberg@ecology.su.se; Peterson, Garry D; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; Pritchard, Rusty; Emory University; lpritc2@emory.edu. |
| Approaches to natural resource management are often based on a presumed ability to predict probabilistic responses to management and external drivers such as climate. They also tend to assume that the manager is outside the system being managed. However, where the objectives include long-term sustainability, linked social-ecological systems (SESs) behave as complex adaptive systems, with the managers as integral components of the system. Moreover, uncertainties are large and it may be difficult to reduce them as fast as the system changes. Sustainability involves maintaining the functionality of a system when it is perturbed, or maintaining the elements needed to renew or reorganize if a large perturbation radically alters structure and function. The... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
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| Ano: 2002 |
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